Reviewed By Joana Garrido DVM
According to a study, electrolyte disturbances in dogs increase mortality and fatality risks. Thus, pawrents should not neglect the necessity of maintaining stable electrolyte balance in their dogs.
Knowing the crucial functions of electrolytes in the canine body will provide a deeper understanding of their importance. Aside from discussing this topic, we will also share with you some natural sources of electrolytes for dogs.
What Is Electrolytes for Dogs?
Electrolytes are naturally occurring compounds in the bodies of dogs. They are composed of ionized salt and metallic substances, which are essential in keeping pooches healthy, such as:
- Calcium
- Chloride
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Phosphate
- Magnesium
All components in electrolytes for dogs work hand in hand to support normal body functions. Abnormal and drastic increases or decreases in any of these compounds may result in electrolyte imbalances, which can harm your dog’s overall well-being.
What Are the Functions of Electrolytes for Dogs?
The health benefits of electrolytes for dogs will vary depending on the type of salt and minerals making up these compounds. For instance:
- Sodium is essential for fluid balance and the transmission of nerve impulses. Sodium is the major body extracellular cation and normal values are around 140 milliequivalents (mEq)/litre. It also works with other electrolytes like potassium to maintain normal nervous system muscle and cardiac function.
- Magnesium has a key role in many metabolic processes. Aside from that, this mineral is essential for normal muscle and nerve function as well as good bone health and adequate energy production.
- Potassium is involved with numerous body functions. It supports the proper maintenance of fluid balance, muscle contractions, cardiac rhythm, and blood pressure.
Potassium serves as the primary intracellular cation, with typical serum levels ranging from 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/litre. Imbalances can lead to serious cardiac and musculoskeletal abnormalities, potentially becoming life-threatening.
- Calcium promotes strong bones and teeth and maintains healthy muscle contractions and blood clotting in canines. It is also necessary for heartbeat regulation and function. Ensure calcium levels fall within the range of 9.4 – 11.1 mg/dL to support these vital functions in your dog.
- Chloride plays a vital role in preserving balanced acid levels in the blood, and together with sodium, it helps ensure proper fluid balance in a dog’s system. Normal plasma concentrations for chloride are typically in the range of 110–112 mEq/litre.
When electrolyte imbalances affect dogs, vital functions such as the heart, muscles, and nervous system can be impaired. The kidneys, along with the gastrointestinal tract and endocrine system, play a crucial role in absorbing and excreting water and electrolytes, maintaining balance in the body.
What Are the Potential Causes of Electrolyte Imbalances in Dogs?
Dehydration in dogs is one of the most well-known reasons for electrolyte loss. It commonly happens to dogs that are subjected to prolonged exercise or exposure to hot weather.
This condition can be easily prevented by staying hydrated. So always make sure to offer your dog fresh, drinking water during an intensive exercise activity or outdoor excursion.
In some cases, electrolyte imbalances in dogs are side effects of other ailments. Here are some examples:
Calcium Electrolytes for Dogs
- Low levels: Kidney failure, pancreatitis, postpartum; hypoparathyroidism; cushing’s disease and drug toxicity.
- High levels: Vitamin D poisoning, renal disease, paraneoplastic syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, and Addison’s disease.
Chloride Electrolytes for Dogs
- Low levels: Chronic heart disease, low sodium levels, congestive heart failure
- High levels: Addison’s disease, kidney disease, metabolic acidosis
Magnesium Electrolytes for Dogs
- Low levels: Diabetes, intestinal disease, malnutrition
- High levels: Constipation, endocrine disorders, renal failure
Phosphorus Electrolytes for Dogs
- Low levels: Diabetes, insulin overdose, hyperparathyroidism
- High levels: Excessive vitamin D intake, kidney disease, bone disease and hypoparathyroidism.
Potassium Electrolytes for Dogs
- Low levels: Intestinal obstruction, starvation, treatment with diuretics; intense vomit and diarrhea.
- High levels: Kidney injury, hypoadrenocorticism, urinary tract obstruction
Sodium Electrolytes for Dogs
- Low levels: Addison’s disease, hypothyroidism, persistent vomiting and diarrhea
- High levels: Cushing’s disease, diabetes, fever
What Are the Symptoms of Electrolyte Imbalances in Dogs?
Warning signs of an electrolyte disturbance in canines that you need to watch out for include:
- Lethargy
- Inappetence
- Muscle tremors
- Heart arrhythmia
- Breathing difficulties
- Seizures
If your dog manifests these symptoms, ensure that he gets a proper diagnosis from the veterinarian to confirm that he has abnormalities in electrolyte levels. The diagnostic process will also help determine what electrolyte caused the condition.
How Are Electrolyte Imbalances in Dogs Diagnosed?
The laboratory test commonly used by veterinarians to check for canine electrolyte disturbances is a blood chemistry panel, particularly the ionogram. It gauges your dog’s electrolyte levels, organ health, hormone levels, and other bodily functions.
Do note that the acceptable normal electrolyte values in dogs are not set in stone. They may vary depending on the blood chemistry machine used. It is up to the veterinarian to determine which electrolytes are considered to have abnormal levels.
Before taking your dog for a blood chemistry test, ask the veterinarian if fasting and exercise restrictions are necessary. Eating food and intensive activities can interfere with the accuracy of the lab results.
Also, inform them about any medications he is currently taking for the same reason.
How Are Electrolyte Imbalance in Dogs Treated?
The veterinarian will customize the appropriate treatment for your dog based on the specific electrolyte causing the imbalance and the underlying disease diagnosed.
For instance, low calcium levels will require the administration of oral calcium and vitamin D supplements.
Severe forms of the condition warrant hospitalization, and affected dogs will be given calcium-rich IV fluids to stabilize their calcium levels.
The veterinarian may prescribe an oral electrolyte solution for dogs to address certain types of electrolyte loss. An unlimited amount of fresh water should be provided for proper hydration.
5 Natural Sources of Electrolytes for Dogs
While not a replacement for conventional treatment, natural sources of electrolytes for dogs can help replenish electrolyte loss. Here are some safe options for Fido:
1. Bananas as a Natural Source of Electrolytes for Dogs
Bananas contain impressive amounts of potassium. For every 100 grams, they offer 358 milligrams.
Aside from that, this fruit is also a good source of other electrolytes for dogs. It provides 27 milligrams of magnesium and 22 milligrams of phosphorus per 100 grams.
If you are concerned about the sugar content of bananas, opt for less ripe varieties. They have a lesser sweet taste due to lower concentrations of simple sugar.
2. Greek Yogurt as a Natural Source of Electrolytes for Dogs
Plain Greek yogurt is a powerhouse of electrolytes for dogs. This food boasts 141 milligrams of potassium, 137 milligrams of phosphorus, and 115 milligrams of calcium. It also provides him with an extra energy boost since it is a protein-rich snack.
Plain Greek yogurt is a highly versatile food. So try combining it with other natural sources of electrolytes for dogs to maximize its use. Remember to stick with low-fat and additive-free products since they are healthier for your canine friend.
3. Coconut Water as a Natural Source of Electrolytes for Dogs
Coconut water is one of the most well-known natural electrolyte drinks.
Its potassium and sodium levels are impressive, measuring around 250 milligrams and 105 milligrams per 100 grams respectively. It also keeps your dog hydrated as it is composed of 95% water.
However, do not use this natural source of electrolytes for dogs as a replacement for regular drinking water. Unrestricted intake can result in stomach upset, increased urination, and even electrolyte imbalance.
4. Chia Seeds as a Natural Source of Electrolytes for Dogs
A less renowned natural electrolyte source for dogs is chia seeds. Despite their inconspicuous appearance, they pack impressively high concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium.
For every 100 grams of chia seeds, they contain 631 mg of calcium, 335 mg of magnesium, and 860 mg of phosphorus, crucial for various bodily functions.
However, keep in mind that they should be consumed in moderation by dogs. Their high fiber content may cause gastrointestinal issues if eaten excessively.
Always soak the chia seeds before feeding them to your dog. This natural electrolyte source for dogs expands and forms a gel when submerged in water. Feeding it to your dog raw can result in choking and fatal stomach obstruction.
5. Oats as a Natural Source of Electrolytes for Dogs
Oats are enriched with magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium electrolytes. A 100-gram serving of this grain provides your dog with 138 milligrams of magnesium, 362 milligrams of phosphorus, and 410 milligrams of potassium.
We recommend acquiring the least processed variety of oats such as steel-cut or Irish oats for relatively higher nutritional content. Also, make sure to check the ingredients list for added sweeteners and other additives.
Seek the veterinarian’s approval before using these foods on electrolyte-deficient dogs. Although they are rich in electrolytes, intake without an expert’s guidance may further cause electrolyte imbalance.
FAQs About Electrolytes for Dogs
1. What Can I Give My Dog for Electrolytes?
You can give your dog electrolyte-enriched food like bananas, Greek yogurt, coconut water, chia seeds, and oats to help restore low electrolyte levels.
Remember that they only serve to supplement conventional treatment. On their own, they cannot resolve electrolyte insufficiency.
2. Is It Okay to Give Your Dog Electrolyte Water?
Giving your dog electrolyte water is okay, but reserve it for situations when he needs it the most. A good example of this is electrolyte loss due to a stomach bug or fever.
However, consult the veterinarian before using oral electrolyte solutions for dogs to know the appropriate dosage.
Inappropriate large doses can cause a buildup of excess electrolytes, which can exacerbate your dog’s condition.
3. How Do You Make Electrolyte Water for Dogs?
You can make electrolyte water for dogs by following these steps:
- Bring 4 cups of water to a boil.
- Add 1 dry chicken broth, 1 teaspoon table salt, and 1 tablespoon honey.
- Stir until all ingredients have completely dissolved in water.
- Wait for the homemade electrolyte replacement to cool down.
- Pour the liquid into an ice cube tray and freeze.
- Add 2 frozen cubes to your dog’s bowl of drinking water.
4. Are Human Electrolytes Okay for Dogs?
Human electrolytes may be okay for dogs. However, they should only be used when the situation calls for it.
Many electrolyte supplements formulated for humans have higher levels of sodium, which can be excessive for dogs. Check with the veterinarian if you intend to use human electrolytes on your dog.
Summary
Research has shown that electrolyte imbalances can shorten a dog’s life if not given proper treatment. This condition may ultimately host several health complications in various body organs, including the heart and the nervous system.
Traditional treatment for electrolyte loss can be supplemented by providing natural sources of electrolytes for dogs.
However, we advise asking for the veterinarian’s advice first. This is to ensure that you receive proper assistance on how to safely use these foods to achieve balanced electrolyte levels.
Some pawrents consider using sports drinks like Gatorade to treat electrolyte deficiencies at home. Know if this is a good idea by reading the article “Can Dogs Drink Gatorade? When Should It Be Given?”
